For over four million years, insects have existed on Earth, causing both direct and indirect harm to humans. From the earliest days, humans sought ways to eliminate these pests, initially using manual methods like collecting and killing them.
The first recorded use of chemical pesticides involved toxic compounds such as arsenic-based substances, particularly lead arsenate and other heavy metals. Among them, arsenic trioxide was highly toxic to both insects and humans and, surprisingly, is still used in some developing countries.
By the 17th to 19th centuries, other toxic substances such as cyanide and mercury compounds were introduced. Later, people began extracting natural plant-based pesticides, with tobacco being one of the most notable sources. The nicotine extracted from tobacco plants was widely used for pest control up until the early 20th century. Ironically, despite our awareness of nicotine’s toxicity, it remains a key ingredient in cigarettes, which millions of people continue to consume today.
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Source: Harvest Magazine
By: Prof. Dr. Rabie Abou El-Kheir
Plant Protection Research Institute
